Spanish Study Guide 5A (2)
Vocabulary
La pera - Pear
La toronja - Grapefruit
La papaya - Papaya
El melón - Cantaloupe
La piña - Pineapple
La sandía - Watermelon
La ciruela - Plum
El durazno - Peach
El cereal - Cereal
El té - Tea
El chiste - Joke
La cereza - Cherry
El coco - Coconut
La frambuesa - Raspberry
La guayaba - Guava
La mandarina - Tangerine
La mora - Blackberry
El plátano - Plantain
Los mariscos - Seafood
El cangrejo - Crab
La almeja - Clam
El camarón - Shrimp
El pulpo - Octopus
El atún - Tuna
El tocino - Bacon
La salchicha - Sausage
La carne de res - Beef
La ternera - Veal
La costilla - Rib
La crema (de camarones) - The cream (of shrimp)
El sándwich de mantequilla de maní - Peanut butter sandwich
El flan - Flan
Freír (i, i) - To fry
Reír(se) (i, i) - To laugh
Grammar - Preterite Tense
Regular verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar need a spelling change for the yo form
buscar - busqué
navegar - navegué
empezar - empecé
There are -ir ending verbs which require a stem change in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas forms.
dormir - durmió; durmieron
pedir - pidió; pidieron
preferir - prefirió; prefirieron
ir + er (regular verbs)
-ar (irregular verbs)
Grammar - Preterite Vs. Imperfect
A sentence can contain combinations of both preterite and imperfect verb tenses, such as: preterite/preterite, imperfect/preterite, preterite/imperfect, and imperfect/imperfect.
If you are stating simple facts, all your verbs in the sentence can be preterite:
Fui al supermercado y compré unas peras -
I went to the supermarket and bought some pears
Imperfect verbs are used to describe a repeated past action or ongoing condition. Knowing this, you can have one imperfect verb to describe the ongoing condition or repeated action. The next verb can be preterite to state what happened during the repeated or ongoing action/condition:
Estaba en el supermercado cuando tú llamaste -
I was in the supermarket when you called
The ongoing action, I was in the supermarket, is followed by what happened during that condition, when you called
Just like that, you can also use one or more verbs in the imperfect tense when you are doing/describing simultaneous ongoing/repeated actions/conditions
Jugábamos videojuegos mientras esperábamos a César -
We were playing video games while we were waiting for César
The expressions hay, había, and hubo are all forms of the infinitive haber (to have). Hay means there is/ there are. Había, and hubo mean there was/ there were.
Grammar - Present Tense of Reír(se) and Freír
Both verbs are irregular in the present tense, but follow the same pattern
reír(se)
freír
Grammar - Irregular Preterite Tense
Below are some irregular preterite tense verbs
Culture
The Origin of Tropical Fruits
Do you like delicious tropical fruit juices? Tropical fruits are not only delicious but also reflect the cultural heritage of the Caribbean. Many fruits from the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Cuba have their origin there and were cultivated by indigenous Tainos, such as pineapple. But other fruits associated with these regions came from other continents many years ago. These fruits are a native of the history and culture of the Caribbean. You can't talk about Caribbean cuisine without mentioning the banana. A typical Cuban dish carries this fruit. Dominican toast is made with bananas. And mofongo, a typical Puerto Rican dish, is also made with bananas. In fact, bananas arrived from Africa in 1543. It was adopted by the natives and today it is a main ingredient in many Caribbean dishes. It is the perfect evidence of African influence on Caribbean culture. There are palm trees on all the beaches of the Caribbean. And what can you get out of the palm trees? Coco! But this fruit came from far away...from Asia! History says the Portuguese brought the coconut from Asia to Africa, and from there to the Caribbean. Of course not all tropical fruits came from outside. When the Spaniards arrived in Cuba, they discounted a delicious orange-colored fruit. We are talking about mamey, an exotic fruit so tasty that the Spaniards called it "the fruit of the kings". Remember that when you eat tropical fruits you can be part of the Caribbean culture, and maybe be traveling in more distant places.
Practice
In the markets of the Dominican Republic it is common to receive the "napa". The napa is an additional amount than what the customer purchased. For example, if the customer buys ten bananas, the seller usually gives him one more, in the form of appreciation for his purchase.
Flavor on Wheels
What is a summer day walking in the Caribbean? It is probably very hot and thirsty. What if there is no store nearby to buy a drink? Luckily there are the street vendors. They are people who go around town selling juice, fruit, or food. How do they travel? Here is the story of special Caribbean flavor sellers. On the beaches of Cuba is someone who can take our thirst immediately. They are coconut trees, which walk everywhere with a tricycle or cart with fresh coconuts. People call them and they, in the same place, prepare them a delicious coconut water. How do they do it? They take out a machete, cut the coconut by the mitady put the juice in a glass. That's it! Then they continue to walk with their vehicle without a motor. If you are in the streets of the Dominican Republic and it makes you hungry, call the pregonero! He also walks in his tricycle selling corn, oranges, yucca and other foods. It is called pregonero porquepregona, that is to say he announces shouting or singing the local products he brings. And what to say about the Puerto Rican flavor! In Puerto Rico, people who want something sweet and the region are looking for the peddler who sells sugar cane juice. It doesn't matter if you're in the city, in the villages or on the beach. All the local flavors of the Caribbean are on wheels.
Products
In Cuba, another way that tourists can interact with local flavor and culture is through palates. These are restaurants established in houses and not operated by the Cuban government. People who work there are usually part of the family and prepare homemade food to show Cuban culture and products.
A Flavor Chain On the Caribbean Coast
Just outside San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, there is a unique place that distinguishes it from other places. There are four important things on this site: Local produce, delicious meals, low prices and a beautiful landscape. We are talking about pine nuts kiosks. People leaving San Juan to the west on the northern coast of the island sometimes want to eat something. But...where to go? Everything in Puerto Rico is delicious and making a decision is not easy. Well, to do things quickly and without spending much money, it is recommended to stop at the Pinones kiosks. This area is composed of small stalls selling Puerto Rican food, prepared at the moment and at very affordable prices. Some kiosks have banquettes for dining at the counter, or a few tables where people can sit down to eat and look out at the sea. On the menu you can choose from several typical dishes, but the most popular ones are fried bacalaitos, alcapurrias, empanadillas, pinchos and pioneers. Almost all of those meals are made with seafood, corn and plantain, three meals. No need to go to expensive restaurants to get good attention and good quality food. In Pinones you eat well, you pay little, the people at the kiosks are very friendly and then you can walk down the beach to enjoy the Caribbean scenery. What more could you ask for?No need to go to expensive restaurants to get good attention and good quality food. In Pinones you eat well, you pay little, the people at the kiosks are very friendly and then you can walk down the beach to enjoy the Caribbean scenery. What more could you ask for?
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