Spanish Study Guide - 1A (2)
Present Tense Verbs
There are three irregular -er verbs which only have an irregular yo form. The verbs and their yo forms are hacer - hago, saber - sé, and ver - veo.
In every except the nosotros form, add an accent to the i and u in esquiar, enviar, continuar.
-ar ending verbs (regular)
-er ending verbs (regular)
-ir ending verbs (regular)
ser (irregular)
estar (irregular)
ir (irregular)
decir (irregular)
tener (irregular)
venir (irregular)
cerrar (irregular)
(similar: empezar, encender, nevar, pensar, preferir, querer, sentir)
pedir (irregular)
(similar: seguir, conseguir, repetir)
poder (irregular)
(similar: colgar, contar, costar, dormir, encontrar, llover, volver)
jugar (irregular)
Present Progressive Verbs
There are some irregular verbs, all shown below
dormir - durmiendo
sentir - sintiendo
pensar - pensando
volver - volviendo
decir - diciendo
leer - leyendo
oír - oyendo
poder - pudiendo
traer - trayendo
venir - viniendo
Also, if you combine seguir with a present participle (seguir + present progressive verb) it means someone keeps on/continues doing something
Add estar before the present progressive verb (make sure estar is conjugated for present tense, not present progressive) in order to make it a present progressive verb
Talking About the Future
To talk about something which will happen in the near future use this formula:
ir (conjugated) + a + infinitive
Preterite Tense Verbs
Regular verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar need a spelling change for the yo form
buscar - busqué
navegar - navegué
empezar - empecé
There are -ir ending verbs which require a stem change in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas forms.
dormir - durmió; durmieron
pedir - pidió; pidieron
preferir - prefirió; prefirieron
ir + er (regular verbs)
-ar (irregular verbs)
Vocabulary
La aplicación - App/application
El cargador - Charger
El celular - Cellphone
Conectado/a - Connected
El e-mail - E-mail
Internet - Internet
El mensaje de texto - Text message
El navegador - Browser
El programa - Program
El mundo - World
La red - Network/net
La tableta - Tablet
La tecnología - Technology
El vínculo - Link
La web - Web
El/la bloguero/a - Blogger
El chat en tiempo real - Live chat
El disco duro externo - External hard drive
La red social - Social network
Compartir - To share
Subir - To upload
Transferir (video) - To stream (video)
Tuitear - To tweet
En línea - online
El dispositivo móvil - Mobile device
El sitio web - Website
El Wi-Fi/la conexión inalámbrica - Wi-Fi
Cargar - To charge
Quedar sin datos - To run out of data
Se acabó la batería - The battery died
El árbol - Tree
La carretera - Highway
La ley - Law
El recurso - Resource
El territorio - Territory
El vehículo - Vehicle
Abbreviations
a2 - adiós
desp - después
dnd - donde
hl - hasta luego
k/q - que
mña - mañana
nos - nosotros
tkm o tqm - te quiero mucho
pa - para
peli - película
pf - por favor
pq - por que
sds o salu2 - saludos
tmb o tb - también
x - por
Culture
Abbreviations
Do you use abbreviations when writing text messages? Sure yes, like young Spanish speakers! The reason is simple. We spend many hours of the day writing electronically and sometimes we must communicate so quickly that we have to dig in time. Using text or SMS messages, young people create a language with abbreviations to write faster. In addition, before the invention of the smartphone, people who had a limited cellular service could save money because they wrote fewer characters. Sure! If someone is not used to chatting in Spanish, those abbreviations can be difficult to understand.
Social Media
As in the United States, social media is the favorite pastime and way of communicating for many young people in Spanish-speaking countries. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter are also popular in Spanish-speaking countries, but the application that has the most users is WhatsApp. Today Facebook in Latin America has 170 million users and every minute 1.6 new users register. Of all users, 33 percent are aged 18 to 24. But there are also other favorite social networks in different countries around the world. One example is Tuenti, a social network created in 2006 by a university student from Madrid, Spain. This network already has more than 5 million users, not only in Spain but also in Latin America. Tuenti, like the other networks, has a great future; that is why the national company Telefonica bought it for 99 million dollars.
The Voice of Indigeneous People on the Internet
There are social groups that do not always receive help from politicians. One of these groups is the indigenous, who claim their rights, but they are not always heard. After many years of complaining about the lack of land to live in or the destruction of forests, the indigenous people today have a tool that allows them to make their voice heard: social networks. Websites such as "Indigenous America on the Net" of Venezuela, or "Servindi" of Peru, publish the concerns of native peoples daily. Because many indigenous youth are going to study at university, they have access to the Internet to send their message and ask millions of people for help. When they return to their village and find conflicts, they can transmit the incident with their cell phone to everyone in real time. In 2017, the United Nations celebrated the tenth anniversary of the International Day of Indigenous Peoples. That day celebrates the use of social networks to defend the rights and languages of these peoples. Fortunately, technology also serves to hear the voice of the weakest.
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