Spanish Study Guide - 1B (2)
Vocabulary
El picnic - Picnic
El chisme - Gossip
El camping - Camping
El bote - Boat
El crucero - Cruise
El campamento de verano - Summer camp
La caravana - RV (camper)
El destino turístico - Tourist destination
El parque de atracciones - Amusement park
La zona arqueológica - Archaeological zone
Balsear en los rápidos - To go white water rafting
Hacer caminatas - To go hiking
Hacer un recorrido por - To tour (a place)
Las bermudas - Bermuda shorts
Los shorts - Shorts
El pantalón - Pant
Las sandalias - Sandals
Los zapatos - Shoes
Los tenis - Tennis shoes
La gorra - Cap
Las gafas de sol - Sunglasses
Novio - Boyfriend
Novia - Girlfriend
La blusa - Blouse
Las botas - Boots
La bufanda - Scarf
Los calcetines - Socks
La camisa - Shirt
La camiseta - T-shirt
La chaqueta - Jacket
La falda - Skirt
El impermeable - Raincoat
Los jeans - Jeans
Los guantes - Gloves
El pijama - Pajamas
La ropa - Clothes
El sombrero - Hat
El suéter - Sweater
El traje de baño - Bathing suit
El vestido - Dress
Las chanclas - Flip-flops
La sudadera - Sweatshirt
Sin mangas - Sleeveless
Preterite Verbs
Regular verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar need a spelling change for the yo form
buscar - busqué
navegar - navegué
empezar - empecé
There are -ir ending verbs which require a stem change in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas forms.
dormir - durmió; durmieron
pedir - pidió; pidieron
preferir - prefirió; prefirieron
sentir - sintió; sintieron
ir + er (regular verbs)
-ar (regular verbs)
leer (irregular)
oír (irregular)
ver (irregular)
decir (irregular)
hacer (irregular)
tener (irregular)
ir + ser (irregular)
dar (irregular)
estar (irregular)
Negative and Positive Words
Si (yes) - si + verb + subject
No (no) - no, no + verb + subject
Algo (something, anything) - verb + algo
Nada (nothing, anything) - no + verb + nada + noun
Alguien (someone, anybody) - subject + alguien + verb + noun
Nadie (nobody, anybody) - subject + nadie+ verb + noun or subject + no + verb + noun + nadie
Algún, Alguna, -os, -as (some, any) - verb + algun (according to gender and number of noun) + noun
Ningún, Ninguna, -os, -as (none, not any) - verb + ningun (according to gender and number of noun) + noun
O...o (either..or) - verb + o + noun + o + noun
Ni….ni (neither....nor) - no + verb + ni + noun + ni + noun
Siempre (always) - subject + siempre + verb + noun
Nunca (never) - subject + no + verb + nunca + noun or subject + nunca + verb + noun
También (also, too) - subject + tambien + verb + noun
Tampoco (neither, either) - subject + tampoco + verb + noun
(Sí) Ya (already) - subject + ya + verb + noun
Todavía no (not yet) - subject + todavía no + verb + noun or subject + no + verb + noun + todavía
Todavía (still) - subject + todavía + verb + noun
Ya no (not anymore) - subject + ya no + verb + noun
OD and OI
Act 3: Write sentences using the indirect and direct object.
OD
The object being directly affected by the verb
Me, te, lo, los, la, las, nos, os
Note - if you have 2 verbs, you have two different ways to rewrite the sentence
ex) Yo como la comida
Yo la como
Yo monto la bicicleta
Yo la monto
Yo voy a montar la bicicleta
Yo la voy a montar
Yo voy a montarla
OI
a/para usually highlights the indirect object
Me, te, le, les, nos, os
ex) Ella lleva zapatos para nosotros
Ella nos lleva zapatos
ex) Yo compro comida para ustedes
Yo les compro comida
OI + OD
If you only have one verb, place the OI pronoun before the OD pronoun when placing it before the verb.
If you have 2 similar sounds (lo, les, las, les) then you change the OI to se.
ex) Yo compro la comida para ustedes
Yo se la compro
Culture
Free Internet Around the World
Ever imagined living without Wi-Fi? Maybe you didn't, but your parents did: That word didn't exist before 1999, and for many years access was limited. In 2004, Grand Haven, Michigan, was the first city in the United States to offer Wi-Fi throughout the city. Malaga, Spain, did so in 2007, as well as Monterrey, Mexico. Today, in many cities in the Spanish-speaking world there is free Wi-Fi in public places. One example is Buenos Aires, Argentina, which offers a free service to be connected to the network in hundreds of places in the city: squares, streets, parks, museums and even by metro! In 2017, Facebook announced that its application "Search WiFi" will be extended to users around the world. A map shows all the sites where there is free Wi-Fi and gives directions.
Connection Before and During a Trip
When we are on the road, we use cell phones and tablets to entertain us, to eat with our friends and to connect to the Internet. We are very happy to be connected, but sometimes we feel very frustrated when the battery runs out. Fortunately, airports offer charging stations for the batteries of our electronic devices. They are small towers where we can plug and recharge the batteries while waiting for the plane. During the trip, the airlines offer personal movie service. If we want to be connected in the air, many aircraft offer Wi-Fi access on domestic and international flights. Starting in 2017, Delta Airlines flights can send free text messages with programs such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger. But it is not allowed to send photos or videos, only text. Other airlines soon announced similar services.
Practice
Calpe, Spain, is the first Spanish city with free Wi-Fi on the beach. This beautiful Mediterranean city belongs to the Valencian Community. There are people from all over the world, and since 2013, they can all connect to the Internet from any beach, without paying anything. It's a big plus, as you don't need to go to an Internet cafe or pay roaming fees if you want to use your mobile phone to get into the network.
Digital Technology in Education and Daily Life
Latin America is one of the regions of the world where people use many technological applications. Children and adults have Internet access in their schools, homes and offices. Many Latin American students study with mobile devices such as tablets, smartphones, and laptops. Most governments have programs to improve education in ICT schools (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, TIC). For example, Colombia's Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies has an initiative called the Digital Ecosystem. This initiative, among other things, promotes the use of the Internet in the country, facilitates access to the Internet in rural areas and offers computers to schools through a program called "Computers to Educate". With this program, public schools receive computers, and teachers and students learn how to use them. Argentina has a similar project called "Connecting Equality". Thanks to this program, which began in 2010, every secondary-level student receives a laptop. Students may use these personal computers at school and also at home. In Chile, the digital technology program is called "I connect to learn," and in Costa Rica, "Tecno@prender”. Access to technology programs in schools impact the education and daily life of all families in the country, regardless of their social class or economic level. All students have the same opportunities for access to digital education.
Latin American Emojis
Emojis are very useful for expressing our emotions when we text. But they also represent our culture. In 2015, a Miami agency created an application with hundreds of emojis representing the cultural diversity of the different Latin American countries. These emojis include specific images of the culture of each place. For example, in addition to the typical Mexican tacos and mariachis, among the emojis you can find a Puerto Rican coqui, a Venezuelan arepa or an Argentine footballer. The idea was a success! 10.000 people joined the application on the day of its launch!
The Art Corner
Diego Rivera was already an internationally known artist in 1932 when the Detroit Institute of Art, with money from the Ford family, gave him the commission to paint a series of frescoes on the new automobile industry. The series celebrates more than just the production of cars. It includes other aspects of modern life, such as vaccination, social classes and races. Rivera celebrates the triumphs of modern technology, but also reveals the dehumanizing aspects of industrial factories.
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