Spanish Study Guide - 2A (2)
Vocabulary
La tina - Bathtub
La ducha - Shower
El espejo - Mirror
El inodoro - Toilet
El lavabo - Sink tub
El grifo - Sink faucet
La toalla - Towel
El cepillo - Hairbrush
El peine - Comb
El champú - Shampoo
La crema de afeitar - Shaving cream
El desodorante - Deodorant
El jabón - Soap bar
El maquillaje - Makeup
El cepillo de dientes - Toothbrush
La pasta de dientes - Toothpaste
La máquina de afeitar - Shaver
El papel higiénico - Toilet paper
El secador de pelo - Hair dryer
Abrir/cerrar la llave de agua - To turn on/to turn off the water
Bajar el agua/echar el agua - To flush the toilet
Despertarse (ie) - To wake up
Levantarse - To get up
Bañarse - To take a bath
Ducharse - To take a shower
Cepillarse los dientes - To brush your teeth
Lavarse las manos - To wash your hands
Afeitarse - To shave
Peinarse - To comb your hair
Maquillarse - To put on makeup
Ponerse (los zapatos) - To put on (shoes)
Quitarse (los zapatos) - To take off (shoes)
Desayunar - To eat breakfast
El desayuno - Breakfast
El almuerzo - Lunch
Almorzar - To eat lunch
Cenar - To eat dinner
La cena - Dinner
La merienda/El bocadillo - Snack
Quedarse (en la cama) - To stay (in bed)
Acostarse (ue) - To lie (in bed)
Sentarse (ie) - To sit down
Quemarse - To burn yourself
Preocuparse - To worry (yourself)
Calmarse - To calm down (yourself)
Esperar - To wait
Grammar - Reflexive Verbs
Reflexive verbs are used to indicate someone performing an activity on themselves
For example, you add se to the end of a verb to say that someone is doing an activity reflected back on themselves
cepillar (to comb) - cepillarse (to comb one's own hair)
Reflexive verbs are conjugated the same as non reflexive verbs, but have a pronoun attached to them to make the verb reflexive
Reflexive verbs can be attached to the end of an infinitive, or present progressive verb:
Marta se va a maquillar would become Marta va a maquillarse
Marta is going to put on makeup
Marta se está maquillando would become Marta está maquillándose
Marta is putting on makeup.
maquillarse
When using reflexive words, you would put the definite article before nouns which are personal items
Don't use possessive adjectives when talking about these
Some examples of personal items are clothing and parts of the body
Yo me pongo las botas - I put on my boots
When you have the word para or a conjugated verb right before the reflexive, you would write the infinitive + complement for the reflexive verb:
Para bañarme
Necesitas quitarte
Remember that when making a verb reflexive, you're adding the complement to the whole verb
Since you’re doing this, if you’re negating a sentence, the negative word goes before the verb
Grammar - The Word Se
The word se is used when someone is doing something unknown, or you’re talking about something indefinite
An example of this is when we say “people”, “someone”, or “they” in English
Se is used with the él/ella/ud. or ellos/ellas/uds. verb form
To use the verbs, it depends on whether the noun following or preceding the verb is singular or plural
él/ella/ud. verb form is used with a noun which is singular, like camisa
ellos/ellas/uds. verb form is used with a noun which is plural, like zapatos
Some examples of se:
Se vende casa - House for sale
Las verduras se comen muchas veces para el almuerzo - People often eat vegetables for lunch
Se is used when you don't want to mention who carried a specific activity out
Grammar - Reflexive Preterite Verbs
For preterite tense you would use the same formula as usual
This time, the complement only goes before the verb, unless there is a conjugated verb or para right before the reflexive verb
If there is a conjugated verb or para then the complement goes after the infinitive of the reflexive verb
Me bañe - I took a bath
Ella se vistió - She got dressed
Conjugate your preterite verb like usual, and just add me, te, se, nos, os, or, se right before the verb
Even when making a sentence negative, if your verb is reflexive, never separate the verb and complement
Add the negative before the complement
Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives are used to discuss where an object is relative to the speaker
In english this would be: this, that, those
No me gusta este jabón - I do not like this soap
Tampoco me gusta ese jabón - I do not like that soap either
Prefiero aquel jabón allá - I prefer that soap over there
Demonstrative pronouns have the same form as demonstrative adjectives
They are used to indicate specific people/objects, without mentioning the noun
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Example of how demonstrative pronouns can be used:
Creo que este es bueno y ese es muy bueno, pero aquel es el mejor de todos.
I think this one is good and that one is very good, but that one over there is best of all.
There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns - esto, eso, aquello
These nouns are used when you are not talking about something specific, such as general nouns, some circumstances, or objects which are not yet identified
The three pronouns only use the singular form
Esto no es bonito - This is not pretty
Notice how they didn’t specify what is not pretty, that is why they used the neuter pronouns
Me gustaría ver eso, por favor - I would like to see that (stuff), please
Aquello fue imposible - That was impossible
Remember that eso and aquello are not the same demonstrative pronoun/adjective
Esa/e would be saying that referring to something closer to the speaker
Aquel/la would be saying that referring to something very far away or over there from the speaker’s point of view
Culture
Jessica Alba for a Healthier Future
Which famous Latina dedicates her talent to improve people's quality of life? Actress Jessica Alba! She is famous for her participation in films such as 'The Fantastic Four and Mini Spies 4: All the Time in the World'. Her talent and dedication make her one of the most popular American actresses of Hispanic descent on the screen. But Jessica Alba's interests go beyond the world of spectacle. In 2011, she decided to found her own company that makes products to take care of her body. These products are created without chemicals that are bad for health. Alba explained: "I founded this company because it should not be necessary to choose between what works well and what is good for one." The ideology of the company is that a happy and healthy life must be a right not a privilege. Jessica Alba tries to make her audience feel good with her healthful products so that they enjoy a healthy and safe life using chemical-free soap, shampoo and makeup.
Products
It seems that avocados have always been part of the Mexican diet. Archaeologists found evidence that avocados have been consumed in Mexico for more than 10,000 years. In 1833 this nutritious plant began to be cultivated in Florida. By the 1980s, avocados became famous in American kitchens for their nutritional benefits, for example: It helps lower cholesterol and is good for the heart. Avocados are considered a superfood in the United States and are now part of this country's diet.
Fame and Social Causes
Many celebrities use part of their time and the strength of their public image to support important social causes. Eva Longoria is one of the personalities who devote their time and effort to help other people. She is known for her successful career as an American film and television actress. The actress, daughter of Mexican American parents, spends much of her time improving the well-being of Latino women in the United States. Longoria returned to college in 2009 and earned her master's degree in Chicano states because she wanted to better understand the history and problems of her community. In 2012, she began her own foundation with the mission of helping Latino youth discover their potential and feel good for good education and success at work. There are cultural, educational and entrepreneurial programs at the foundation. Longoria was named philanthropist of the year in 2009 by "The Hollywood Reporter" magazine for her community work.
Practice
In the past, actors and singers decided to change the name to have more opportunities to progress in the United States. An example is Martin Sheen (Ramon Estévez) of a Spanish father. He has been a very famous actor for over 30 years. Today, celebrities do not feel the need to change the name; maintaining Hispanic identity is more important. Currently, when artists change their names, they generally do so for artistic reasons.
Meeting point: Convenience Stores in the Big Apple
Convenience stores in New York City are much more than convenience stores or delis. These stores are meeting places for many Hispanics. The history of the convenience store begins in the 1940s and 1950s when groups of Hispanics began to arrive in the city. For many, these convenience stores were very similar to the shops in their countries. There, not only can one buy food, pharmacy products and personal hygiene and cleaning products, but also can have breakfast in the morning and have a coffee. Many of the convenience stores in New York belong to the Dominican American community. Remona Hernandez, director of the Dominican Stadiums Institute at Hunter College, New York, explains that convenience stores serve as a social space where Dominicans meet and feel identified and comfortable. Generally, a friendly relationship is formed between the shopkeepers and the clients whom, in many cases, he/she knows by name. Although all the convenience stores are a little different, most have things in common. For example, it is usual to find a cat in these stores, known as a "bodega cat". Cats are so iconic that they appear on social networks. One of them appeared in a television commercial for the lottery and when another bodega cat was lost in 2019, the news was published in the New York Times!
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