Spanish Study Guide - 4A (2)
Vocabulary
(Montar en) una atracción - (Ride on) an attraction
El carrusel - Carousel
La rueda de Chicago - The Chicago Wheel
Los carros chocones - Bumper cars
La montaña rusa - Roller coaster
El algodón de azúcar - Cotton candy
Las golosinas - Candy
Las palomitas de maíz - Popcorn
El desfile - Parade
El globo - Balloon
Los fuegos artificiales - Fireworks
El carnaval - Carnival
La carroza - (Parade) float
La feria - Fair
El juego mecánico - Amusement park ride
El parque acuático - Water park
El parque temático - Theme park
Las sillas voladoras - Flying chairs
El tobogán - Slide
El tigre - Tiger
La jirafa - Giraffe
La cebra - Zebra
El elefante - Elephant
El león - Lion
El gorila - Gorilla
El hipopótamo - Hippopotamus
El camello - Camel
El flamenco - Flamingo
La pantera - Panther
El oso - Bear
El mono - Monkey
La serpiente - Snake
La tortuga - Turtle
La iguana - Iguana
El águila - Eagle
El avestruz - Ostrich
La ballena - Whale
El canguro - Kangaroo
El cocodrilo - Crocodile
El delfín - Dolphin
La foca - Seal
El loro - Parrot
El rinoceronte - Rhinoceros
El tiburón - Shark
El venado - Deer
Grammar - Talking About the Past in Imperfect Tense
We learned about preterite tense, which expresses the completion of past actions
A second past tense is the, imperfect tense
The imperfect tense refers to the past but does not indicate specifically when the event or condition starts or ends
To elaborate, someone says in preterite tense: We played soccer yesterday afternoon.
In the imperfect tense, you would make it so that you “used to do something”, so it would simply be: We used to play soccer.
In most imperfect tense verbs, you are adding “used to do something”, instead of just saying “I did this”
To form the imperfect tense of regular verbs, drop the -ar, -er, or -ir endings from the infinitive, and add the endings shown in the chart below.
All verbs in Spanish follow this except for the irregular verbs, ser, ir, and ver
hablar (all regular -ar ending verbs)
Notice in the table, when the imperfect tense is used versus preterite, you say I used to speak, or You used to speak, instead of saying I was speaking, or You were speaking
However, used to is not the only way imperfect verbs form a sentence, so don’t use that as a guide every time to find imperfect versus preterite.
comer (all regular -er ending verbs)
vivir (all regular -ir ending verbs)
Used to is not the only way imperfect verbs form a sentence, so don’t use that as a guide every time to find imperfect versus preterite.
Imperfect tense verbs are used to describe, an ongoing past action, a habit, or repeated past action, or a long standing situation
Hablaba con Pedro cuando Ana entró - I was talking with Pedro when Ana came in
An ongoing past action, for this you would use was/were (whatever verb makes sense for the sentence)
Comíamos juntos todos los días - We used to/would eat together every day
A habit, or repeated past action. For this you usually use: used to/would, because you’re talking about something that happened, usually in the distant past, and that occurred very often.
Vivíamos en San Salvador - We were living in San Salvador
A long standing situation, as they were living somewhere for a long time. For this you would usually use: was/were, but again it mostly depends on context
The expression había is the imperfect tense of haber (to have), and is used as there was/ there were
Había mucha gente en el parque de atracciones - There were a lot of people at the amusement park
Grammar - Irregular Imperfect Tense: Ser, Ir, and Ver
There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect tense
ser
ir
ver
As well as describing an ongoing past action, a repeated past action, or a long standing situation (all examples above), you can use the imperfect tense in the following situations:
Imperfect tense can be used to refer to a mental, emotional, or physical characteristic or condition in the past:
Era alto y guapo - He was tall and good-looking
Tenían miedo a las iguanas - They were afraid of iguanas
Notice how in the examples above, it’s stated that someone was/were/used to be some sort of physical characteristic, or mental or emotional condition
Such as how some guy was tall or good-looking, or how a group of people were scared of iguanas, the first being physical and the second being mental
Imperfect tense can describe or provide background information about the past
This is commonly used when talking about some sort of story about the past, or perhaps as a setting in a book, movie, or play
Eran las diez de la mañana - It was 10:00 AM
In that retelling or story, the person was describing the time at which something happened
Yo tenía cinco años - I was five years old
Notice two things about this, the first being how they said they were five years old to describe when the story took place in the past
The second being, this time when using the verb, they also added the subject yo. When in imperfect tense, you realize that the yo and él/ella/Ud. imperfect tense verbs are the same
Because of this, when using for either subject, you need to specify the subject as well, like they did with yo in the example above
Hacía mucho calor - It was very hot
Again, in this they use the imperfect tense to give the information of the temperature in the past of whatever they are discussing or talking about
Había muchos animales - There were many animals
They use the special verb había to further describe what there was at whichever place the persons talking about
Imperfect tense verbs can also be used to indicate past intentions/what they were going to do
Íbamos a ir al zoológico ayer - We were going to go to the zoo yesterday
This indicates that they were planning on going yesterday, or in other words their past intentions
Querían ver la película sobre los leones - They wanted to see the movie about lions
Grammar - Adjectives of Nationality
For singular masculine adjectives that end in -o have femenine forms that end in -a, and most singular adjectives which end in -e or with a consonant have only one singular form. However, for masculine adjectives of nationality that end with a consonant, add -a to make the feminine form: español/española
These words, adjectives of nationality, are used after the word they are describing. However, in some cases a word you are describing may be said in order to avoid repeating a noun. In these cases, you need to make the adjective agree with the noun that was said, and the article remains.
¿Te gustan las atracciones salvadoreñas o las guatemaltecas? - Do you like the Salvadoran attractions or the Guatemalan ones?
First, you make the adjective agree with the noun, atracciones, by making the adjectives of nationality femenine and plural
Next, you keep the article, meaning the salvadoreñas, already has the article directly from the noun, and you add the same article used to the adjective, guatemaltecas, making it, las guatemaltecas
Culture
Fun Education for the Youngest
Young people are known to gather in amusement parks for fun, but are they also likely to come to these parks to learn? The answer is yes and an example is the Children's Amusement Park in the city of San Salvador, capital of El Salvador. In this park of attractions, founded by the Spaniards in the year 1892, the children and young people of El Salvador gather not only to have fun but also to learn and help the environment with ecological activities, using games and imagination. Visitors can ride the park on a train, walk a letter trail, slide on slides and play on a small soccer field. As in every amusement park, there are also carousels and mechanical wheels. But the most interesting thing is that children can also participate in art workshops, chat about environmental education, explore tree-lined areas and learn to care for local animals, such as the gray squirrel. AND everything is free for kids! This combination of typical attractions with educational attractions is fundamental to children's development and to taking care of the planet. For these reasons, the Children's Amusement Park is a pride for all Salvadorans, who ask to declare it a historical site.
Products
In the city of Cusacatlan, El Salvador, is the Botanical Garden La Laguna. Originally the private garden was a German family (German) that brought trees (trees) and plants from all over the world. Today, this large garden is the place in El Salvador where more than 20,000 students meet each year to study the different vegetable species and help the environment. In addition to having fun observing plants, students have access to a computer center and a specialized library.
Salvadoran Popular Fun in San Miguel
What is the celebration that attracts more people? In El Salvador it is the Carnival of San Miguel. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to San Miguel during the patron saint's festivities to enjoy shows and fun. The celebration begins on the first Sunday of November with the cheerful song "San Miguel at Carnival". The music style is very funny and is called Xuc. This music is played with a typical musical instrument, made of venison leather and a single string. During the next three weeks, people gather in the streets to sing and dance, but also to see impressive parades of floats and professional dancers dressed in typical Salvadoran clothing. The Carnival of San Miguel is also a kind of amusement park, where many people can have fun on the wheels and other mechanical games during an entire holiday. The popular celebration ends with colorful fireworks and, again, with the song "San Miguel in Carnival", sung by all the participants who will wait another year to have fun together.
The Conservation of Sea Turtles in El Salvador
Sea turtles are incredible reptiles: They have been on this planet for more than 200 million years and can swim for hours and hours. They also keep coral reefs clean - very important for the marine ecosystem. Unfortunately, they are also one of the endangered species of animals. Many people hunt them for food or to make products with their shells, such as hawksbill anteojos, which are sold at very high prices. To protect turtles, the government of El Salvador participated in the "Global Strategy for the Conservation of Sea Turtles" program. This program informs and educates society about a global ecological problem. In conservation camps, marine biologists work with students to care for turtles and their habitats. In addition, the SalvaNatura Foundation initiated the SalvaTortuga project, with the creation of corrals protected for the incubation of turtle eggs on the Costa del Sol beach. In addition, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources presented a ten-year conservation plan. With this plan, companies from the fishing industry, tourism and restaurants commit themselves not to destroy the habitat of these beautiful animals. If we all collaborate, we will have positive results and sea turtles will continue to swim through the oceans as they have for millions of years.
Extension
Sea turtles are relatives of land turtles. Millions of years ago, some tortoises went to the sea and the marine species originated there. Today, tortoises are also in danger of extinction due to human activity. Organizations around the world create projects to protect these animals, giving educational classes in public places where people can gather to learn and collaborate. An example in the United States is the Bronx zoo in New York, where the Conservation Commision of Fish and Fauna of Florida (FWC).
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